NP(Neutropenia)
Cancer chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow function to lessen the number of neutrophils in blood stream. 500/μL counts of neutrophil become susceptible to infection and the febrile neutropenia is onset by 100/μL .
TM-411promote differentiation (granule production/secretion, functional reactive oxygen species; ROS, neutrophil effector expression and bactericidal activity) from hematopoietic stem cell through progenitor cells to neutrophil via CAK-RARα.
While G-CSF, the only tool against neutropenia, is now found to increase the number of neutrophils with insufficient function, the combination of G-CSF with TM-411 differentiation activity is expected to drive synergistically against neutropenia.
* CAK:Cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase
Benefit of TM-411(APL);
- Effective against ATRA resistant patients.
- Effective against ATRA resistant patients who cause retinoic acid syndrome.
- Effective against refractory patients.
- Lesser and milder adverse drug reactions than ATRA.
APL (Acute promyelocytic Leukemia)
- APL is a subtype of acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, affecting promyelocytes.
- The promyelocytes show abnormal chromosome changes (so called chromosomal translocation) involving the RARα gene resulting in the production of PML-RAR fusion protein.
- Remission rate of APL is rather high in leukemia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant is only for the relapsed patient.
HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma)
- HCC is the most common type (90%) of liver cancer. Liver cancer is the 5th most frequent incident form of cancer as well as the 3rd large cause of cancer death with 39,000 and 620,000 yearly new cases in Japan and in the world, respectively.
- Main occurrence factor is persistent viral infection of either hepatitis C or B virus and the main symptom is liver lesion caused by hepatitis & cirrhosis of liver.
- The main treatment is surgical resection or locoregional radiation therapy but safe and effective standard chemotherapy is not established yet and has long been desired.
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